Fighting Superbugs
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Interim Dean David Stephens |
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As most of us are well aware, drug-resistant "superbugs" are multiplying, causing infections that are unable to be treated with our normal arsenal of antibiotics.
A recent example: the September case of Klebsiella pneumonia that killed a Nevada woman after resisting a total of 26 different antimicrobial drugs.
Antibiotic-resistant infections, including Gram-negative bacteria, C. difficile, and S. aureus (MRSA), kill 23,000 people in the United States each year and sicken many others.
As an academic health center, we carefully monitor these dangerous infections. The clinical microbiology laboratory at Emory University Hospital, directed by Eileen Burd (pathology), examines more than 800 cultures a day to determine which bacteria are making patients sick and how best to treat them.
Let me share how just one of these cases led to an important discovery. In the fall of 2013, Burd and her team noticed something strange in a sample taken from a kidney transplant patient. A strain of Gram-negative baccillus, E. cloacae, had infected the patient and was proving resistant to most of the usual antibiotics, so the team tried a "last-ditch" drug, colistin. At first, colistin appeared to work, killing off most of the bacteria. On closer inspection, though, it seemed that a small number had survived.
David Weiss (infectious diseases), head of the Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center (ARC), was called in to consult. He found that the bacteria had mounted "stealth" resistance—a small colony, which normally would have gone undetected, remained. Even more troubling, these survivors appeared to expand in the presence of colistin. Weiss is now studying these "persisters."
Collaboration between front-line patient care teams and laboratory scientists led to this fortuitous discovery. Due to such alliances and the ARC, Emory has emerged as a leader in the battle against superbugs and antibiotic resistance. This is a fight we must win.
Editor's note: Check out the interview with Monica Farley (infectious disease) on antibiotic-resistant infections in the Winter 2017 issue of Emory Medicine in the Q&A here. "We know about MRSA and C. diff, but I think the next wave is going to be Gram-negative organisms," Farley says. "An example is CRE (carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae). Recently, we saw a case of CRE, which looks like it was spread by medical tourism. It was a post-operative infection, and when we examined the isolate, it was the New Delhi (NDM) version, and not the type of CRE normally seen in Atlanta. We're really seeing a global spread of these resistant organisms.")
What happens to our molecules when we move?
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Dean Jones directs the Emory Clinical Biomarkers Lab. |
The NIH has tasked researchers around the country to help create a comprehensive map of the molecular changes that occur in the body in response to physical activity.
A metabolomics, proteomics, and lipidomics ("omics") analytics team led by Emory with collaborators at Georgia Tech will receive $13.6 million over six years as part of the national Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity in Humans Program (MoTrPAC) effort. The information they uncover could help researchers and doctors develop personalized exercise recommendations.
National teams of researchers will collect samples from peoples of various races, ethnic groups, genders, ages, and fitness levels, and Emory and Georgia Tech researchers will analyze samples.
The project’s four co-investigators include Dean Jones (pulmonology), director of the Emory Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory; Eric Ortlund (biochemistry), scientific director of the Emory Integrated Lipidomics Core; Nicholas Seyfried (biochemistry, neurology), scientific director of the Emory Integrated Proteomics Core; Karan Uppal (bioinformatics), leader of the bioinformatics core for the grant, and biochemist Facundo Fernández of Georgia Tech. The analytical laboratories are integrated through the NIH-supported Atlanta Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute.
"Emory and Georgia Tech teams have been successfully collaborating on other 'omics' projects, and this synthesis of approaches at our two universities is a powerful way to understand the biochemistry involved in exercise and make a significant contribution to this national effort," Jones says.
Bright Idea Saves $ and Energy
During the past two years, the SOM has worked to secure a grant from the Community Foundation of Greater Atlanta. With matching grant support from the SOM Dean's Office, the school received a grant from the Grants to Green Program that allowed replacement of existing fluorescent lighting with LED fixtures that use significantly less electricity at a lower cost. The work was done mainly during overnight hours by Greenspeed, and the project was completed in December. The SOM building is projected to decrease its electricity usage by 25% and save $104,000 in electricity costs over the next year. Thanks to those who worked on the project: Executive Associate Dean Bill Eley, staff members Deirdre Abrams, Barbara Buehrer, and Shelby Smith, and the facilities management project managers.
New Hidden Gem: Dr. Bijal Shah
Find out why Bijal Shah (emergency medicine) switched careers from business to medicine, what it's like balancing kid time with emergency room shifts, how she has increased HIV screenings at Grady and beyond, and why she treats every patient like family. View video here.
Faculty Appreciation
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Honorees at the SOM Celebration of Faculty Excellence show off their bling at the December ceremony. |
The annual Emory Medicine Celebration of Faculty Excellence was held in Cox Hall in December to recognize stellar faculty accomplishments in patient care, research, and education. To view the full list of honorees and photos from this collegial event, go here.
Innovative Vision Research
Veterans are at higher risk of eye disease than the average person. The most common eye problems veterans develop are cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration, and eye damage from diabetes.
The Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation (CVNR) at the Atlanta VA Medical Center recently received notification that the center has been renewed for another five years. "The investigators within the CVNR are addressing a broad range of topics that share the theme of improving health care for veterans. The recognition of this center by the VA supports the remarkably high quality and diversity of programs that span basic to clinical research," says Michael Hart (medicine), associate chief of staff for research at the Atlanta VAMC.
Examples of these projects include expanding technology-based eye care services, which allow patients to be checked for eyeglasses and screened for common eye diseases at VA communty-based outpatient clinics, led by April Maa (ophthalmology); developing a precision navigation app for people who are blind, led by rehabilitation research engineer David Ross (public health), and spatial cognitive training for blind veterans, led by Krish Sathian (neurology). |